Keywords
Digital Significant Other
Deep Play
Social Drama
Social Sciences
How to Cite
Abstract
With the aim of understanding how artificial general intelligence dramatizes and configures a “deep game” based on a double “breach”, socio-anthropological and socio-technological, four cardinal moments of the social/stage drama of ChatGPT’s invention-innovation were analyzed using a cultural pragmatic method. It was
found that artificial general intelligence produces human interaction with a digital otherness (“spectro/spectrum”) and a new dispute over profit, power, and the human future. One of the limitations of the study is that the social
transformations revealed demand novel and critical socio-anthropological and political conceptualizations.
The article offers an anthroposynthetic and dramaturgical theoretical-analytical perspective. It concludes that the new human∞artificial general intelligence interaction triggers a radical change in being human that re-scales political disputes and social scientific work.
References
Altman, Sam [@sama]. (5 de diciembre de 2022). ChatGPT launched on Wednesday today it crossed 1 million users! [Post]. X. https://x.com/sama/status/1599668808285028353
Arguedas, Diego. (5 de septiembre de 2018). John Schulman, 30. MIT Technology Review. https://www.technologyreview.es/listas/35-innovadores-con-menos-de-35/2018/pioneros/john-schulman
Biden, Joe. (1 de noviembre de 2023). Executive Order 14110 of October 30, 2023. Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence. Federal Register. The Daily Journal of the United States Government, 88(210). https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/11/01/2023-24283/safe-secure-and-trustworthy-development-and-use-of-artificial-intelligence
Binder, Werner. (2021). Chapter 6. AlphaGo’s Deep Play: Technological Breakthrough as Social Drama. En Jonathan Roberge y Michael Castelle (Eds.), The Cultural Life of Machine Learning. An Incursion into Critical AI Studies (pp. 167-195). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56286-1_6
Braverman, Alex; Zeldes, Jason; Shastry, Neha; Marsh, Nicola y Neville, Morgan (dirs.). (2024). What’s next: The future with Bill Gates [Serie]. Netflix.
Brown, Tom B.; Mann, Benjamin; Ryder, Nick: Subbiah, Melanie; Kaplan, Jared; Dhariwal, Prafulla; Neelakantan, Arvind; Shyam, Pranav; Sastry, Girish; Askell, Amanda; Agarwal, Sandhini; Herbert-Voss, Ariel; Krueger, Gretchen; Henighan, Tom; Child, Rewon; Ramesh, Aditya; Ziegler, Daniel M.; Wu, Jeffrey; Winter, Clemens; Hesse, Christopher; Chen, Mark; Sigler, Eric; Litwin, Mateusz; Gray, Scott; Chess, Benjamin; Clark, Jack; Berner, Christopher; McCandlish, Sam; Radford, Alec; Sutskever, Ilya y Amodei, Dario. (28 de mayo de 2020). Language Models are Few-Shot Learners. ArXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.14165
Carassale, Santiago; Contreras, Javier y Martínez, Liliana. (2023). Futuros-presente en juego: especie, interacciones y comunidad en las fronteras tecnológicas. En-Claves del Pensamiento. Revista de Filosofía, Arte, Literatura, Historia, (34), e564. https://doi.org/10.46530/ecdp.v0i34.564
Cardon, Dominique; Cointet, Jean-Philippe y Mazières, Antoine. (2018). Neurons spike back. The invention of inductive machines and the artificial intelligence controversy. Réseaux, 5(211), 173-220. https://doi.org/10.3917/res.211.0173
Chaiklin, Seth y Lave, Jean. (1996). Understanding practice. Perspectives on activity and context. Cambridge University Press.
Chalmers, David J. (2016). The Singularity: A Philosophical Analysis. En Susan Schneider (Ed.), Science Fiction and Philosophy: From Time Travel to Superintelligence (2ª Ed., pp. 171-224). Wiley-Blackwell.
Crawford, Kate. (2021). Atlas of AI. Power, Politics, and the Planetary Costs of Artificial Intelligence. Yale University Press.
David Silver. (s/f). En Wikipedia. https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Silver
Deleuze, Gilles y Guattari, Félix. (2015). 12. 1227 - Tratado de nomadología: la máquina de guerra. En Gilles Deleuze y Félix Guattari, Mil mesetas. Capitalismo y esquizofrenia (2ª Ed., pp. 359-431). Pre-Textos.
Derrida, Jacques. (1990). Les pupilles de l’Université. Le principe de raison et l’idée de l’Université. En Jacques Derrida, Du droit à la philosophie (pp. 461-498). Éditions Galilée.
Eco, Umberto y Sebeok, Thomas A. (Eds.). (1989). El signo de los tres. Dupin, Holmes, Peirce. Lumen.
Ekbia, Hamid R. y Nardi, Bonnie A. (2018). From form to content. Cultural Anthropology, 33(3), 360-367. https://doi.org/10.14506/ca33.3.02
Ekbia, Hamid R. y Nardi, Bonnie A. (2017). Heteromation, and Other Stories of Computing and Capitalism. MIT Press.
Ekbia, Hamid R. y Nardi, Bonnie A. (2014). Heteromation and its (dis)contents: The invisible division of labor between humans and machines. First Monday, 19(6), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v19i6.5331
Esposito, Elena. (2017). Artificial Communication? The Production of Contingency by Algorithms. Zeitschrift für Soziologie, 46(4), 249-265. https://doi.org/10.1515/zfsoz-2017-1014
F6S. (2024). About Indico Data Solutions. https://www.f6s.com/company/indicodatasolutions#about
Future of Life Institute. (12 de abril de 2023a). Policymaking In The Pause. https://futureoflife.org/document/policymaking-in-the-pause/
Future of Life Institute. (22 de marzo de 2023b). Pause Giant AI Experiments: An Open Letter. https://futureoflife.org/open-letter/pause-giant-ai-experiments/
Future of Life Institute. (11 de agosto de 2017). Asilomar AI Principles. https://futureoflife.org/open-letter/ai-principles/
Geertz, Clifford. (2003a). 15. Juego profundo: notas sobre la riña de gallos en Bali. En Clifford Geertz, La interpretación de las culturas (pp. 339-372). Gedisa.
Geertz, Clifford. (2003b). 1. Descripción densa: hacia una teoría interpretativa de la cultura. En Clifford Geertz, La interpretación de las culturas (pp. 19-40). Gedisa.
Ginzburg, Carlo. (1999). Mitos, emblemas, indicios. Morfología e historia (2ª Ed.).Gedisa.
Heimans, Jeremy y Timms, Henry. (2024). Leading in a World Where AI Wields Power of Its Own. Harvard Business Review, (January-February), 1-22. https://hbr.org/2024/01/leading-in-aworld-where-ai-wields-power-of-its-own
ICRL. (2024). About ICRL. https://iclr.cc/About
Kang, Cecilia. (29 de septiembre de 2024). California Governor Vetoes Sweeping A.I. Legislation. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/29/technology/california-ai-bill.html
Kang, Minsoo. (2011). Sublime Dreams of Living Machines: The Automaton in the European Imagination. Harvard University Press.
Kasparov, Garry. (2019). Foreword. AlphaZero and the Knowledge Revolution. En Matthew Sadler y Natasha Regan, Game Changer. AlphaZero’s Groundbreaking Chess Strategies and the Promise of AI (pp. 7-10). New in Chess.
Kohs, Greg (Director). [Google DeepMind y Reel As Dirt] (13 de marzo de 2020). AlphaGo-The Movie [Video]. Moxi Pictures Production and Reel As Dirt. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WXuK6gekU1Y
Kurzweil, Ray. (2016). Superintelligence and Singularity. En Susan Schneider (Ed.), Science Fiction and Philosophy. From Time Travel to Superintelligence (2ª Ed., pp. 146-170). Wiley-Blackwell.
Lemoine, Blake. (11 de junio de 2022a). Is LaMDA Sentient? — an Interview. Medium. https://cajundiscordian.medium.com/is-lamda-sentient-an-interview-ea64d916d917
Lemoine, Blake. (11 de junio de 2022b). What is LaMDA and What Does it Want? Medium. https://cajundiscordian.medium.com/what-is-lamda-and-what-does-it-want-688632134489
Mallaby, Sebastian. (2022). The Power Law: Venture Capital and the Making of the New Future. Penguin Press.
Metz, Cade. (2025). Cade Metz. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/by/cade-metz
Musk, Elon (Demandante). (2024). Elon Musk vs. Samuel Altman et al. CGC-24-612746. Superior Court, San Francisco County, California, USA.
OpenAI. (2024a). GPT-4 is OpenAI’s most advanced system, producing safer and more useful responses. https://openai.com/index/gpt-4/
OpenAI. (5 de marzo de 2024b). OpenAI and Elon Musk. https://openai.com/es-ES/index/openai-elon-musk/#email-1
OpenAI. (13 de mayo de 2024c). Hello GPT-4o. https://openai.com/index/hello-gpt-4o/
OpenAI. (12 de septiembre de 2024d). Introducing OpenAI o1. https://openai.com/o1/
OpenAI. (14 de marzo de 2023). GPT-4. https://openai.com/index/gpt-4-research/
OpenAI. (27 de enero de 2022a). Aligning language models to follow instructions. https://openai.com/index/instruction-following/
OpenAI. (30 de noviembre de 2022b). Introducing ChatGPT. https://openai.com/index/chatgpt/
OpenAI. (30 de noviembre de 2022c). ChatGPT Feedback Contest: Official Rules. https://cdn.openai.com/chatgpt/chatgpt-feedback-contest.pdf
OpenAI. (20 de julio de 2017). Proximal Policy Optimization. https://openai.com/index/openai-baselines-ppo/
Parlamento Europeo y Consejo Europeo. (12 de julio de 2024). Reglamento (UE) 2024/1689 del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 13 de junio de 2024, por el que se establecen normas armonizadas sobre la inteligencia artificial y se modifican los Reglamentos (CE) 300/2008, (UE) 167/2013, (UE) 168/2013, (UE) 2018/858, (UE) 2018/1139 y (UE) 2019/2144 y las Directivas 2014/90/UE, (UE) 2016/797 y (UE) 2020/1828 (Ley de Inteligencia Artificial). EUR-Lex. https://eur--lex-europa-eu.translate.goog/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj/eng?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=es&_x_tr_hl=es&_x_tr_pto=tc
Pressman, Aaron. (10 de junio de 2023). How a couple of Olin College students helped spark the AI chatbot revolution. The Boston Globe. https://www.olin.edu/sites/default/files/2023-06/How%20a%20couple%20of%20Olin%20College%20students%20h...%20chatbot%20revolution%20-%20The%20Boston%20Globe.pdf
Pugh, Emerson W. (1996). Hollerith: Inventor and Entrepreneur. En Emerson W. Pugh, Building IBM. Shaping an Industry and Its Technology (pp. 1-18). MIT Press.
Rabinbach, Anson. (2018). The Eclipse of the Utopias of Labor. Fordham University Press.
Radford, Alec. (11 de junio de 2018). Improving language understanding with unsupervised learning. OpenAI. https://openai.com/index/language-unsupervised/
Radford, Alec; Metz, Luke y Chintala, Soumith. (2-4 de mayo de 2016). Unsupervised Representation Learning with Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks [Ponencia presentada]. International Conference of Learning Representation, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Radford, Alec; Wu, Jeffrey; Amodei, Dario; Amodei, Daniella; Clark, Jack; Brundage, Miles y Sutskever, Ilya. (14 de febrero de 2019). Better language models and their implications. OpenAI. https://openai.com/index/better-language-models/
Roberge, Jonathan y Seyfert, Robert. (2016). What are algorithmic cultures? En Robert Seyfert y Jonathan Roberge (Eds.), Algorithmics Cultures. Essays on meaning, performance and new technologies (pp. 1-25). Routledge.
Roose, Kevin. (16 de febrero de 2023). A Conversation With Bing’s Chatbot Left Me Deeply Unsettled. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/16/technology/bing-chatbot-microsoft-chatgpt.html
Schechner, Richard. (1976). Selective Inattention: A Traditional Way of Spectating Now Part of the Avant-Garde. Performing Arts Journal, 1(1), 8-19. https://muse.jhu.edu/article/654659
Schmitt, Carl. (2003). The Nomos of the Earth in the International Law of the Jus Publicum Europaeum. Telos Press Publishing.
Schulman, John. (2024). John Schulman’s Homepage. Joschu.net. http://joschu.net/
Schulman, John. (2016). Optimizing Expectations: From Deep Reinforcement Learning to Stochastic Computation Graphs [Tesis de Doctorado, University of California, Berkeley]. UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations. https://scispace.com/pdf/optimizing-expectations-from-deep-reinforcement-learning-to-1d6j4s5685.pdf
Shivaram, Deepa. (21 de julio de 2023). The White House and big tech companies release commitments on managing AI. National Public Radio. https://www.npr.org/2023/07/21/1188831773/the-whitehouse-and-big-tech-companies-release-commitments-on-managing-ai
Silver, David; Huang, Aja; Maddison, Chris J.; Guez, Arthur; Sifre, Laurent; van den Driessche, George; Schrittwieser, Julian; Antonoglou, Ioannis; Panneershelvam, Veda; Lanctot, Marc; Dieleman, Sander; Grewe, Dominik; Nham, John; Kalchbrenner, Nal; Sutskever, Ilya; Lillicrap, Timothy; Leach, Madeleine; Kavukcuoglu, Koray; Graepel, Thore y Hassabis, Demis. (2016). Mastering the game of Go with deep neural networks and tree search. Nature, 529, 484-489. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16961
Tegmark, Max. (2017). Life 3.0. Being human in the age of artificial intelligence. Alfred A. Knopf.
Thomson Reuters. (2023). Informe sobre el futuro de los profesionales. Cómo la IA es el catalizador para transformar todos los aspectos del trabajo. https://caplp.org.ar/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/informe-futuro-de-los-profesionales-2023.pdf
Tozzi, Christopher. (2017). For Fun and Profit. A History of the Free and Open Source Software Revolution. MIT Press.
Turner, Victor. (1985). On the Edge of the Bush. Anthropology as Experience. University of Arizona Press.
Wertheimer, Tiffany. (23 de julio de 2022). Blake Lemoine: Google despide al ingeniero que aseguró que un programa de inteligencia artificial cobró conciencia propia. BBC News Mundo. https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-62280846
Wiener, Scott; Roth, Richard; Rubio, Susan y Stern, Henry. (9 de marzo de 2024). Senate Bill No. 1047. Safe and Secure Innovation for Frontier Artificial Intelligence Models Act. California Legislative Information. https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB1047
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2025 Revista de El Colegio de San Luis