Keywords
Empire
Imperialism
Alienation
Violence
Power
How to Cite
Abstract
This essay is a reflection on the crisis of the citizen institutions of the Sate and the civilian society as a consequence of the process of present globalization. The effect of this process is that the local governments see themselves more obligated to orient their politics according to the criteria of the global economic flow. With this the States see their capability to management overflow and this in turn tends to sacrifice the interests of the sectors that until now were protected by them. This text is directed to make a reflection about the phenomena of exclusion, violence, and subalternity that such exclusion generates. The interest of this essay is to do a critical exploration on three critical central categories: empire, imperialism and multitude as mentioned in the important work of Hardt and Negri published in 2002. Finally it will demonstrate its importance too unveil diverse phenomena derived from this worldwide condition and the violence that it generates, as well as the need to analyze Hardt and Negri’s thoughts considering certain coordenates of latino reflections.References
AGAMBEN, G. (1998). Homo Sacer. Valencia: Pre-Textos.
BAUMAN, Z. (2000). Liquid modernity. Oxford: Polity Press & Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
BELLAMY FOSTER, J. (2001). “Imperialism and Empire”. Monthy Review, 53(17).
BORON, A. (2002). “El nuevo orden imperial y cómo desmontarlo”. En: J. Seoane y E. Taddei (eds.). Resistencias mundiales. De Seattle a Porto Alegre. Buenos Aires: CLACSO.
DELEUZE, G., y Guattari, F. (1980). Capitalisme et schizophrénie: Mille Plateaux. París: Les Editions de Minuit (Collection Critique).
DI NARDO, P. (2013). “The Empire does not exist: A critique of Toni Negri’s ideas”. Defense of Marxism, 15. Naples Books.
FERRAJOLI, L. (2005). “La crisis de la democracia en la era de la globalización”. En: Law and Justice in a Global Society. Granada: Anales de la Cátedra Francisco Suárez.
FOUCAULT, M. (1994). “La naissance de la médicine sociale”. En: Dits et écrits. París: Gallimard.
FOUCAULT, M. (1994a). “Les mailles du pouvoir”. En: Dits et écrits. Gallimard, París: Gallimard.
FORDON, C. (comp.) (1980). Power/Knowege. Nueva York: Pantheon.
GATENS, M., y Lloyd, G. (1999). Collective Imaginings: Spinoza. Past and Present. Londres: Routledge.
HARDT, M. y Negri, A. (2000). Empire. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
HARDT, M. (2004). Multitud. Barcelona: Debate.
HAUERWAS, S. (2003). Dissent from the Homeland: Essays after September 11. Durham: Duke University Press.
LACLAU, E., y Mouffe, C. (1985). Hegemony and socialista strategy. Towards a radical democratic politics. Londres: Verso.
LACLAU, E. (2005). La razón populista. Buenos Aires: Fondo de Cultura Económica.
LAPORTA, F. (2005). “Globalización e imperio de la ley”. En: Law and Justice in a Global Society. Granada: Anales de la Cátedra Francisco Suárez.
NEGRI, T., y Zolo, D. (2002). “El imperio y la multitud. Un diálogo sobre el nuevo orden de la Globalización”. Publicado en internet por Rebelión. Consultado el 28 de mayo de 2009 en http://www.busateo.es/busateo/Biblioteca/N/N/Negri,%20Antonio%20-%20El%20Imperio%20y%20la%20Multitud.pdf
OLIN WRIGHT, E. (1994). Interrogating Inequality: Essays on Class Analysis, Socialism and Marxism. Londres: Verso.
PETRAS, J. (2001). “Imperio con imperialismo”. Consultado en marzo de 2001 en http://www.rebelion.org/petras/english/negri010102.htm
RANCIÈRE, J. 1996. El desacuerdo. Buenos Aires: Nueva Visión.
STEGER, M. B. (2003). Globalization: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: OUP.
WALLERSTEIN, I. (1983). “An agenda for World-System Analysis”. En: Contendig Approaches to World-System Analysis. California: Sage.
ŽIŽEK, S. (2001). “Empire”. Süddeutsche Zeitung, 14.
ŽIŽEK, S. (2008). En defensa de la intolerancia. Madrid: Ediciones Sequitur.
ŽIŽEK, S. (2003). Organs without bodies: Deleuze and consequences. Londres: Routledge.
The authors, by accepting the publishing of their text, automatically assign to El Colegio de San Luis, A. C., the rights of the first edition, and authorize it for its printed and electronic dissemination in the Revista de El Colegio de San Luis. They also give their permission for their text to be included in the national and institutional repository.
Any form of subsequent publication shall make reference to the first edition in the Revista de El Colegio de San Luis.